The rest ate a great deal of bread and fish. Depending whether you teach AQA or Edexcel, you will enquiry at this question in the same way using resources that suit your particular specification. Potatoes were just arriving at the end of the period, and became increasingly important. © Adobe Systems Incorporated. It was a brief period of internal peace between the Wars of the Roses in the previous century, the English Reformation, and the religious battles between Protestants and Catholics prior to Elizabeth's reign, and then the later conflict of the English Civil War and the ongoing political battles between parliament and the monarchy that engulfed the remainder of the seventeenth century. They derived from the old custom of mystery plays, in which stories and fables were enacted to teach lessons or educate about life in general. The smoke in these cases would be let out through a simple hole in the roof. Bumgardner, Jake. It was during Elizabeth's reign that the first real theatres were built in England. He refounded many former monastic schools—they are known as "King's schools" and are found all over England. By law, such action could be regarded as treason." In the Elizabethan age, England challenged the modern and ancient writers in various fields of literature – drama, epic, pastoral, lyric, romance, allegory, history and philosophy. Entertainment was important to people in this time, and music was something that their lives were surrounded with. Almanac. [56] In the towns the price of staples was fixed by law; in hard times the size of the loaf of bread sold by the baker was smaller. Under the Elizabethan Era (1558-1603), theatres became permanent establishments, influenced by playwrights the likes of Shakespeare. In 1564 Guilliam Boonen came from the Netherlands to be Queen Elizabeth's first coach-builder —thus introducing the new European invention of the spring-suspension coach to England, as a replacement for the litters and carts of an earlier transportation mode. [58] At a somewhat higher social level families ate an enormous variety of meats, especially beef, mutton, veal, lamb, and pork, as well as chickens, and ducks. She wanted to try and win over the Catholic's by making church better for them too. Inside there are huge stained-glass windows, telling different Bible stories; some include, Christ dying on the cross, Christ being born, and people worshiping God. Elizabeth I's England consolidated its position with the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, and firmly established the Church of England (begun by her father, Henry VIII, after a dispute with the Pope). It was also the end of the period when England was a separate realm before its royal union with Scotland. Her desire to moderate the religious persecutions of previous Tudor reigns — the persecution of Catholics under Edward VI, and of Protestants under Mary I — appears to have had a moderating effect on English society. The daub was usually then painted with limewash, making it white, and the wood was painted with black tar to prevent rotting, but not in Tudor times; the Victorians did this afterwards. "She kept about seventy musicians in the royal court, and she expected her courtiers to sing, play musical instruments, and dance with grace and ability." In 1570, Pope Pius V declared Elizabeth a heretic who was not the legitimate queen and that her subjects no longer owed her obedience. English achievements in exploration were noteworthy in the Elizabethan era. England had more well-educated upper-class women than was common anywhere in Europe. [40], Outbreaks of the Black Death pandemic occurred in 1498, 1535, 1543, 1563, 1589 and 1603. What they wore made them who they were and could tell someone how rich or poor they were. [4], Elizabethan England was not particularly successful in a military sense during the period, but it avoided major defeats and built up a powerful navy. About The New Elizabethan Age. Throughout the Elizabethan Era of 1558 to 1603, society, theater arts, and wedding customs were parts of the culture. Full text not available from this repository. Drawing of a band playing music at a dance. The upper classes often celebrated religious festivals, weddings, alliances and the whims of the king or queen. The sad part is that this was referred to as the “stinkard pit”. That would be a prelude to the religious recovery of England for Catholicism. 12 Dec. 2016. After several plots to overthrow her, Catholic clergy were mostly considered to be traitors, and were pursued aggressively in England. Accessed 5 Dec. 2016. Different types of art were used in early years to demonstrate stories from the Bible. The lowest court subject in England was called the “knave.” The lowest court card was therefore called the knave until later when the term “Jack” became more common. During this time, endowed schooling became available. In addition to drama and the theatre, it saw a flowering of poetry, with new forms like the sonnet, the Spenserian stanza, and dramatic blank verse, as well as prose, including historical chronicles, pamphlets, and the first English novels. Bad harvests caused distress, but they were usually localized. The Injunctions of 1571 forbade any doctrines that did not conform to the teaching of the Church Fathers and the Catholic Bishops. It was simply called The Theatre and was supported by young playwrights from Cambridge and Oxford Universities. [48], There was an unprecedented expansion of education in the Tudor period. The arts during Elizabethan times were dominated by work on clothing, such as cloth production and embroidery. Parker (1996) argues that the full-rigged ship was one of the greatest technological advances of the century and permanently transformed naval warfare. The higher classes wanted to keep it clear that they were the highest, so they held onto their ways of wearing different and nicer clothes. The quickest route to such honour, and influence, and power, and wealth, was via the court, and the best way of succeeding there was to attract the Queen’s attention. Brothers could teach their sisters these skills. [3], In response and reaction to this hyperbole, modern historians and biographers have tended to take a more dispassionate view of the Tudor period. Tauris. Substantial advancements were made in the fields of cartography and surveying. Some grew their own apricots, grapes, berries, apples, pears, plums, currants, and cherries. [10] She risked war with Spain by supporting the "Sea Dogs", such as John Hawkins and Francis Drake, who preyed on the Spanish merchant ships carrying gold and silver from the New World. Pg 285. Accessed 10 Dec. 2016. Spain was well established in the Americas, while Portugal, in union with Spain from 1580, had an ambitious global empire in Africa, Asia and South America. This was the English Renaissance, when ladies and gentlemen played the lute, sang madrigals, admired painting, and sought to dress as did their counterparts in Italy. "Strict rules regulated clothing." 1: Detroit: UXL, 2007. p141-194. To report a Copyright Violation, please follow Section 17 in the Terms of Use. During this era England experienced peace and prosperity while the arts flourished. [16] When the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified after 1585, Elizabeth approved further raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and against shipping returning to Europe with treasure. In 1576, James Burbage, an actor and theatre-builder, built the first successful English playhouse in London on land he had leased in Shoreditch. Her fiscal restraint cleared the regime of debt by 1574, and ten years later the Crown enjoyed a surplus of £300,000. (For more information on Elizabethan education, see Chapter 11.) Caffrey, Cait. For a number of years refrained from persecuting Catholics because she was against Catholicism, not her Catholic subjects if they made no trouble. Elizabethan Era Social Classes. So by continuing to dress better, it still showed they were higher. [12], Parker has speculated on the dire consequences if the Spanish had landed their invasion army in 1588. [18] England was stimulated to create its own colonies, with an emphasis on the West Indies rather than in North America. Ruff and Honors was a team game. The apricot was a special treat at fancy banquets. Painting of Queen Elizabeth I dancing with someone, while music is being played for her. "The English also enjoyed dressing up for masques, pageants, and plays at Christmas and other special times." Often priests were tortured or executed after capture unless they cooperated with the English authorities. [41], Child mortality was low in comparison with earlier and later periods, at about 150 or fewer deaths per 1000 babies. [52], Education would begin at home, where children were taught the basic etiquette of proper manners and respecting others. [76], With William Shakespeare at his peak, as well as Christopher Marlowe and many other playwrights, actors and theatres constantly busy, the high culture of the Elizabethan Renaissance was best expressed in its theatre. But arguably the most f… (Sonia) Higher classes continued to dress nicer to prove to others that they were the best, because they were prideful and felt superior to others. Furniture was basic, with stools being commonplace rather than chairs. The age of Elizabeth was marked by a remarkable flowering of culture. It was also due to the Protestant belief in individual reading and interpretation of the Bible, which made it desirable for everyone to have the ability to read. Sonia G. Benson and Jennifer York Stock. Before theatres were built, actors travelled from town to town and performed in the streets or outside inns. Christenings at home or by anyone but a clergyman were against church law." Exploration and trade, crime and punishment, clothing and social structure: explore key aspects of Elizabethan life, culture and society. [77], Elizabethan literature is considered one of the "most splendid" in the history of English literature. King Henry VIII was a champion; he finally retired from the lists after a hard fall left him unconscious for hours.[85]. Elizabethan literature, body of works written during the reign of Elizabeth I of England (1558-1603), probably the most splendid age in the history of English literature, during which such writers as Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Roger Ascham, Richard Hooker, Christopher Marlowe, and … Middle class clothing on the left, and higher class clothing on the right. “Elizabethan Era.” Salem Press Encyclopedia. Elizabeth’s reign was seen as a ‘golden age’ of culture, with theatre becoming popular across all of society. Vol. [8] It was reported at the trial of Essex by Chamberlain's Men actor Augustine Phillips, that the conspirators paid the company forty shillings "above the ordinary" (i. e., above their usual rate) to stage the play, which the players felt was too old and "out of use" to attract a large audience. She began to no longer allow Catholicism because she was unwilling to tolerate them threatening her as the Queen. Generally the lower class would pay less (which is fair) and have standing room only. If you feel that this video content violates the Adobe Terms of Use, you may report this content by filling out this quick form. Culture, Society and National Identity after World War II. (Sonia) People were very judgmental of each other. The Queen was ‘the fount of honour’. "Soon after birth, the baby would be taken to the parish church for baptism, commonly called christening: this was supposed to happen on Sunday or holy day within a week or two of the birth. The Elizabethan age contrasts sharply with the previous and following reigns. [54], Boys from wealthy families were taught at home by a private tutor. These playhouses were round or octagonal. The persecution of witches began in 1563, and hundreds were executed, although there was nothing like the frenzy on the Continent. When Henry VIII shut the monasteries he closed their schools. How to explain the emergence in a generation of genius playwrights such as Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe (the author in 1588 of “The Tragic History of Dr. Faust”) and Shakespeare? London: I.B. Elizabethan Period is generally regarded as the greatest in the history of English Literature. Irene Morra and Rob Gossedge (eds). This was not a course of pleasure, though it could be as everything was a treat, but one of healthful eating and abetting the digestive capabilities of the body. Family Life in the Age of Shakespeare.
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