43. For Dugin's take on the events of September 11, see his "LastochkiApokalipsa," http://arctogaia.com/public/lastochki.html, September 12, 2001. The author of this six-hundred-page program for the eventual rule of ethnic Russians over the lands extending "from Dublin to Vladisvostok," Aleksandr Gel'evich Dugin, was born in 1962, the son, grandson, and great-grandson of Russian military officers. Dugin emphasizes that the current Russian Federation, which appeared in 1991 from under the rubble of the USSR, is not a full-fledged state, but rather "a transitional formation in the broad and dynamic global geopolitical process" (183). For instance, provoke “Afro-American racists”. At one point in his book, Dugin confides that all arrangements made with "the Eurasian bloc of the continental West," headed by Germany, will be merely temporary and provisional in nature. Chapter five of Parker's book is devoted to "German Geopolitik.". Écoutez de la musique en streaming sans publicité ou achetez des CDs et MP3 maintenant sur Amazon.fr. Chapter 2. First a Russian geopolitical doctrine. Paperback 9785859280193 januari 2015 599 pagina's Alle productspecificaties. Versiya, May 29, 2001. KALININGRAD OBLAST COULD BE GIVEN BACK TO GERMANY. Some time in late 1999, Dugin founded "The Center for Geopolitical Expertise" in Moscow. Dugin notes that another important ally of Eurasia-Russia will be India, which, like Japan, will be invited to join Russia in efforts to contain and perhaps dismember China. … The book was republished without change by Dugin in 1999, together with lengthy supplemental materials--of no great significance--appended under the title Myslit' prostranstvom. Dugin’s ideas became a ‘virus’, as he put it. The basis of the Moscow-Berlin axis, Dugin writes, will be "the principle of a common enemy [that is, the United States]" (216). The integration of swaths of Western and Central European territory into a German sphere of dominance will be encouraged directly and abetted by Eurasia-Russia. "The weakness of Russian nationalists," she emphasized, "stems from their inability to clearly situate Russian frontiers. Sa publication en 1997 a été bien accueillie en Russie. John B. Dunlop1. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. It would also make sense simultaneously to support isolationist tendencies in American politics" (367). A number of well-known leaders of Muslim background in Russia and in CIS states, on the other hand, have offered support for the EPR. One perceptive observer of the Russian political scene, Francoise Thom, noted as far back as 1994 that fascism, and especially its "Eurasianist" variant, was displacing Russian nationalism among statist Russian elites as a post-communist "Russian Idea," especially in the foreign policy sphere. ABBYY … Wayne Allensworth, The Russian Question: Nationalism, Modernization and Post-Communist Russia (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998), 257. An appropriate response to the looming Atlanticist threat, Dugin contends, is for the renascent Eurasian-Russian empire to direct all of its powers (short of igniting a hot war), as well as those of the remainder of humanity, against the Atlanticist Anaconda. There probably has not been another book published in Russia during the post-communist period that has exerted an influence on Russian military, police, and statist foreign policy elites comparable to that of Aleksandr Dugin's 1997 neo-fascist treatise, Foundations of Geopolitics. Auteur: A Dugin A Dugin. To read this article as a PDF, click here. First published in Demokratizatsiya 12.1 (Jan 31, 2004): 41. Jump to navigation Jump to search. The presidents of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbaev, and of Tatarstan, Mintimer Shaimiev, also have indicated a degree of support. "Beginning in the 1950s," Francoise Thorn remarked, "Soviet strategists like General Shtemenko and Admiral Gorshkov were inspired by Eurasianist thinking." Alexander Dugin developed his own geostrategy which he laid out in The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia (1997). A belief in the primacy of the rights of the individual over those of the state, journalist Evgenii Ikhlov wrote, would result in the control of civil society over the state. During late 1988 and 1989, Dugin served as a member of the Pamyat' Central Council. Indeed, the Foundations of Geopolitics made Dugin a literary celebrity in the late Nineties Russia: “The influence of Foundations was profound if measured by book sales; but even more profound if measured by the true yardstick of the scribbler – plagiarism. KALININGRAD OBLAST COULD BE GIVEN BACK TO GERMANY. The first issue of Elementy in 1992 published the transcript of an April 1992 roundtable, held on the premises of the academy, which included Lieutenant General Nikolai Klokotov, head of the academy's strategy department; Lieutenant General Nikolai Pishchev, deputy head of the same department; Major General Vladislav Iminov, head of the academy's department of military history; Alain de Benoist, "the leader of the European New Right"; and Jean Lalou, another New Right spokesman. The result of such a rebuilding effort would be "a giant continental state in the administration of which they [Russians] will play the central role" (253). In this book the author is summing up most important tendencies and trends in the field of geopolitics and (partly) geostrategic. On a global scale, Dugin declares, "the main 'scapegoat' will be precisely the U.S." (248). The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia is a geopolitical book by Aleksandr Dugin.It has had some influence within the Russian military, police, and foreign policy elites and has been used as a textbook in the Academy of the General Staff of the Russian military. 29 Dugin later termed this statement "an epochal, grandiose revolutionary admission, which, in general, changes everything. First a Russian geopolitical doctrine. 2001,http://arctogaia.krasu.ru/eurasia/dugin_krskl2.shtrr.33. Almost the same holds true with regard to other regions of the Caucasus--Chechnya, Abkhaziya, Dagestan, etc." Petr Suslov, also a former Vympel member and a retired colonel in the SVRY, played an even more noteworthy role at the congress. Both the "masters" of this group and their "disciples" engaged, inter alia, in translating the works of foreign writers who shared their interests. Chapter 4: Rimland and “Border Zones” Chapter 5: Geopolitics as Fate . "The entire gigantic edifice of Atlanticism," Dugin prophesies, "will collapse" (259). "Oni v svoikh korridorakh," Obshchaya gazeta, May 31, 2001. Discussion The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia self. "Having received geopolitical access--in the first place, naval bases--on the Iranian shores," he writes, "Eurasia will enjoy full security from the strategy of the 'Anaconda ring'" (241). 12, The commander of the General Staff Academy, General Igor' Rodionov, was reported to be "particularly well-disposed toward Dugin," and Dugin's ideas evidently continued to enjoy his support once he became Russian Defense Minister in 1996-1997. The State as a Spatial Organism. [1] Aleksandr Dugin "Zarya v sapogakh," Zavtra, March 31, 2000. The cornerstone of Dugin's approach to the Far East lies in the creation of a "Moscow-Tokyo Axis." "Beginning in the 1950s," Francoise Thorn remarked, "Soviet strategists like General Shtemenko and Admiral Gorshkov were inspired by Eurasianist thinking." For Dugin's take on the events of September 11, see his "Lastochki, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, http://www.arctogaia.com/public/putin/htrr, http://arctogaia.krasu.ru/eurasia/dugin_krskl2.shtrr, http://arctogaia.krasu.ru/eurasia/dugin_int_1.shtm, http://arctogaia.com/public/lastochki.html. During the same congress, the aforementioned General Klokotov-- now a professor emeritus but one who continued to teach at the academy--noted that the theory of geopolitics had been taught as a subject at the General Staff Academy since the early 1990s and that in the future it would "serve as a mighty ideological foundation for preparing a new [military] command." From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 34. THE BOOK USES THE TERM “MOSCOW-BERLIN AXIS”. Its publication in 1997 was well received in Russia. As the result of an especially broad Grand Alliance to be concluded with Iran, Dugin maintins that Eurasia-Russia will enjoy the prospect of realizing a centuries-old Russian dream and finally reach the "warm seas" of the Indian Ocean. 26. An official adviser on geopolitics to the speaker of the Russian Duma is a dangerous Russian fascist. Foundations Of Geopolitics English. Foundations of Geopolitics was written during the time that Rodionov was serving as defense minister. If such a dismemberment should not occur, however, Turkey, like China, must be encouraged to expand exclusively southward, "into the Arab world through Baghdad, Damascus, and Riyadh" (244). "In Germany and France,'" Dugin asserts, "there is a firm anti-Atlanticist tradition" (369). the people, the nation, history, geopolitical interests, social justice, the religious factor, etc. The Open Society Foundations responded to the Myanmar military junta on Tuesday, calling for the immediate release of the OSF staff member currently detained by the junta. This article has been rated as C-Class. analaticheskii server, June 13, 2001.32. 49. Foundations of Geopolitics has been listed as a level-5 vital article in Arts. Suslov served as head of the committee that organized the congress and then was elected deputy leader of the new movement (with Dugin chosen as the leader). And he adds that, "[T]he independent existence of Ukraine (especially within its present borders) can make sense only as a 'sanitary cordon'" (379). 8 Dugin soon emerged as "one of the leading ideologists of Den' in its best period (1991-1992)." Dugin recommends that the Kuriles be restored to Japan as Kaliningrad is to be restored to Germany (238). It systematically and described in detail the basics of geopolitics as a science, its theory, history. While still a teenager, he joined a secretive group of Moscow intellectuals interested in mysticism, paganism, and fascism. East European Quarterly (Fall 1998): 323, 329. Eurasia-Russia must seek, at all costs, to promote "the territorial disintegration, splintering and the political and administrative partition of the [Chinese] state" (360). Discussion The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia self. Aleksandr Dugin, Konspiratologiya (Moscow: Arktogeya, 1993), 115. Chapter 1: The Definition of Geopolitics. In his introduction to the volume, Dugin wrote that Trubetskoi "can be termed the Eurasian Marx." "Control over the Caucasus," Dugin notes at one point in the book, "opens ... an exit to the 'warm seas'" (349). (Reuters) – The Open Society Foundations, a philanthropic organisation founded by billionaire George Soros, called on Tuesday for the immediate release of a staff member held in Myanmar and said allegations of financial misconduct were false. Foundations of Geopolitics Addeddate 2018-09-22 00:43:25 Identifier Dugin.Geopolitika Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t10p89181 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) Pages 451 Ppi 300 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.3. plus-circle Add Review. Seleznev was chairman (or "speaker") of the Russian State Duma and a major player in Russian politics. These leaders include Aslambek Aslakhanov, Ramazan Abdulatipov, Chingiz Aitmatov, Olzhas Suleimenov, Stanislav Derev, and Mufti Akhmad Kadyrov. For instance, provoke “Afro-American racists”. 18 In 1995, Dugin ran for the Russian State Duma on a National Bolshevik platform but was resoundingly rejected by voters, receiving a mere 0.85 percent of the vote. Ukraine should not be allowed to remain independent, unless it is cordon sanitaire, which would be inadmissible. The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia is a geopolitical book by Alexander Dugin. Although Dugin's ideas and prescriptions are indeed extreme, dangerous, and repellent, it should be emphasized that they are very much in the tradition of the writings of interwar fascists and adherents of the European Nouvelle Droite. In a broader sense, geopolitics studies the general relations between countries on a global scale. "In the beginning stage [of the struggle against Atlanticism]," Dugin writes, "Russia can offer its potential partners in the East and West its resources as compensation for exacerbating their relations with the U.S." (276). Dugin's new organization, Versiya went on, also was engaged in "the preparing of analytical reports on foreign affairs for the Presidential Administration." "On the whole," he continues, "the entire Islamic zone represents a naturally friendly geopolitical reality in relation to the Eurasian Empire, since the Islamic tradition ... fully understands the spiritual incompatibility of America and religion. These contacts led to Dugin's "belated reconciliation" with the USSR, just as that state was approaching its final demise. Alexander Dugin’s “Foundations of Geopolitics”: A Table of Contents. Following precepts enunciated by Francis Fukuyama among others, the United States seeks to implant its own political and economic model throughout the globe (127). "If Azerbaijan," Dugin warns, "maintains its [present] pro-Turkish orientation, then that 'country' will be split up among Iran, Russia, and Armenia. In the United States: Russia should use its special forces within the borders of the United States to fuel instability and separatism. "The Armenians," Dugin underscores with approval, "are an Aryan people ... [like] the Iranians and the Kurds" (243). ‘The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia’ is a 1997 geopolitical book by Aleksandr Dugin, a Russian political analyst and strategist known for his fascist views. In order to facilitate the recreation of a vast Russian-dominated continental empire, Dugin advocates the unleashing of Russian nationalist sentiment, but of a specific type. Religious sentiment, Dugin urges, should be placed front and center: "Russians should realize that they are Orthodox in the first place; [ethnic] Russians in the second place; and only in the third place, people" (255). This name was borrowed from the publishing house of German racist writer Guido von List (1848-1918). Foundations of Geopolitics - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Charles Clover, "Will the Russian bear roar again?" It should be noted that in the lengthy postscript section appended to the 1999 version of Foundations of Geopolitics, Dugin reaffirms his belief in the need for Eurasia-Russia to effect a dismembering of China (781). See "Stenogramma raboty uchreditel'nogo s'ezda Obshcherossiiskogo Politicheskogo Obshchestvennogo Dvizheniya 'Evraziya,' 21 aprelya 2001," at. On July 26, 2001, the EPR, with branches in seventy regions of Russia, was registered by the Russian Ministry of Justice. Thanks also to Glen Howard for bringing several useful bibliographical items to my attention and to my research assistants, Joyce Cerwin and Yuliya Shmeleva, for their fine work. Such a distorted view represents "the Atlanticist line masking itself as 'Russian nationalism'" (213). Strana.ru, June 4, 2001. On the key question of Ukraine, Dugin underlines: "Ukraine as a state has no geopolitical meaning. Concerning Dugin's journal, Aleksandr Verkhovskii and Vladimir Pribylovskii have noted: "In speaking of Elementy, one should not forget that half of each issue is comprised of 'geopolitical notebooks' containing articles about the global opposition of various civilizations, primarily Russia and the West." Under, Vladimir Putin, the newspaper continued, Dugin had become "one of the drafters of the concept of national security." 39. Any such comments may be removed or refactored. Book I: The Foundations of Geopolitics. I’ll start here by declaring an important fact that you will … Every passing moment, Foundations of Geopolitics seems to getting more and more bulletpoints checked off: Foundations of Geopolitics The Checklist Students will analyze the effects of globalization upon the world geopolitical system, including the roles, influence, and interactions of both state and non-state actors by performing social science research and analysis within the context of geopolitical strategy. Financial Times, December 12, 2000. Put new text under old text. My references are to the 1997 edition. 43 As Wayne Allensworth noted, once one penetrates below the surface of Dugin's seemingly rational and scholarly language in Foundations of Geopolitics, one realizes that "Dugin's geopolitics are mystical and occult in nature, the shape of world civilizations and the clashing vectors of historical development being portrayed as shaped by unseen spiritual forces beyond man's comprehension." Clover.15. The book has had a large influence within the Russian military, police, and foreign policy elites and was allegedly used as a textbook in the General Staff Academy of Russian military. ( Log Out / Dugin implies that what remains of this Orthodox Christian country after Russia absorbs Abkhaziya and South Osetiya might be turned over to Iran as booty, appropriate punishment, presumably, for its prickly independent course toward Russia in the post-communist period. 16. held at the Presidential Hotel in Moscow. Turkey is to be treated as harshly as the United States and China. Chapter 1: Friedrich Ratzel: States as Spatial Organisms It systematically and detailed the basics of geopolitics as a science, its theory, history. Abkhaziya, too, will be tied "directly to Russia" (351). 10, During the early 1990s, Dugin founded his own publishing house, "Arktogeya." Dugin’s ideas became a ‘virus’, as he put it. As "geopolitical compensation" for the loss of its northern regions, China, Dugin recommends, should be offered development "in a southern direction--Indochina (except Vietnam), the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia" (363). This page is not a forum for general discussion about Foundations of Geopolitics. The most ambitious and complex part of Dugin's program concerns the South, where the focal point is a Moscow-Teheran axis. 20 Perhaps due in part to such high-level input, "Dugin's geopolitical ideas [as expressed in Foundations] are clearly much more influential than are the other more openly mystical and esoteric sides of his philosophy." The book has had a large influence within the Russian military, police, and foreign policy elites and was allegedly used as a textbook in the General Staff Academy of Russian military. Indeed, the Foundations of Geopolitics made Dugin a literary celebrity in the late Nineties Russia: “The influence of Foundations was profound if measured by book sales; but even more profound if measured by the true yardstick of the scribbler – plagiarism. In similar fashion, a "certain secret department of the GRU" and other voices had been advocating a "Eurasian" course for the USSR, but their advice went unheeded (103). As a consequence of this Grand Alliance, Eurasia-Russia should be prepared to divide up the imperial spoils with "the Islamic Empire in the South" (239). "The Eurasian project," Dugin writes, "proposes Eurasian expansion into South and Central America with the goal of freeing them from the control of the North" (248). On April 21, 2001, Dugin achieved new heights with the founding congress of the "Pan-Russian Political Social Movement 'Eurasia.'" He has written a lot of books, but the most relevant one is Foundations of Geopolitics. Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), 395. Here and subsequently, the page numbers given in parentheses refer to the 1997 edition of Dugin's book. It should be noted that Dugin does not focus primarily on military means as a way of achieving Russian dominance over Eurasia; rather, he advocates a fairly sophisticated program of subversion, destabilization, and disinformation spearheaded by the Russian special services, supported by a tough, hard-headed use of Russia's gas, oil, and natural resource riches to pressure and bully other countries into bending to Russia's will. PART I: The Founding Fathers of Geopolitics. See "Rossiya dolzhna uchest' oshibki Ameriki," Nezavisimaya gazeta, September 13, 2001. "The Heartland therefore is required to pay back Sea Power in the same coin" (367).
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