Some other criteria include: "religion, language, 'customs,' nationality, and political identification". [19] 'Primordialists' view ethnic groups as real phenomena whose distinct characteristics have endured since the distant past. Each SHG also conducts programmes specifically to meet the needs of their communities. ethnic group synonyms, ethnic group pronunciation, ethnic group translation, English dictionary definition of ethnic group. They originated from India and speak the Romani language. Instead of explaining the marginalized status of people of color in the United States with an inherent biological inferiority, he instead said that it was a failure to assimilate into American culture that held people back. It is estimated that the Indo-Aryans first migrated to the Indian Subcontinent of South Asia around 1800 BCE. Eriksen "Ethnic identity, national identity and intergroup conflict: The significance of personal experiences" in Ashmore, Jussim, Wilder (eds. Secondly, this belief in shared Gemeinschaft did not create the group; the group created the belief. 12-13, Floya Anthias and Nira Yuval-Davis "Woman–Nation-State" (London: Macmillan, 1989), p. 9. Russia has over 185 recognized ethnic groups besides the 80% ethnic Russian majority. In theory, the nation-state and ethnic diversity are diametrically opposed, and on many occasions nation-states have attempted to solve the problem of ethnic diversity by the elimination or expulsion of ethnic groups—notable examples being the Nazi policy against the Jews during World War II, the expulsion of the Moors and Jews from 15th-century Spain, or the expulsion of the Arabs and East Indians from … Black population accounts 75% of the South Africa's entire population. More common solutions have been assimilation or acculturation, whether forced, induced, or voluntary. Many social scientists, such as anthropologists Fredrik Barth and Eric Wolf, do not consider ethnic identity to be universal. A. Metraux (1950) "United Nations Economic and Security Council Statement by Experts on Problems of Race". a social construct) because they were based on a subjective belief in shared Gemeinschaft (community). Russia is a multinational state with over 190 ethnic groups designated [by whom?] The study group consisted of 1470 healthy subjects (18 to 30 years), 750 males and 720 females. as nationalities; the populations of these groups vary enormously, from millions (e.g., Russians, Tatars) to under 10,000 (e.g., Samis, Kets).. Hartmann, Douglas. Making up 20% of the world population, it is also the largest ethnic group in the world. … These eight groups between themselves account for some 465 million or about 65% of European population: 1. [59] Women also often play a significant symbolic role in conceptions of nation or ethnicity, for example in the notion that 'women and children' constitute the kernel of a nation which must be defended in times of conflict, or in iconic figures such as Britannia or Marianne. Many social scientists,[18] such as anthropologists Fredrik Barth and Eric Wolf, do not consider ethnic identity to be universal. ", "David Konstan, "Defining Ancient Greek Ethnicity", Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, vol. Mindanao is the the 2nd largest group of island in the Philippines compose of waters and land specially mountains.It offers goods, views and activities which tourist will really enjoy. The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people or 14% of 770 million Europeans.[69]. Ramón Grosfoguel (University of California, Berkeley) argues that “racial/ethnic identity” is one concept and that concepts of race and ethnicity cannot be used as separate and autonomous categories.[60]. In Early Modern English and until the mid-19th century, ethnic was used to mean heathen or pagan (in the sense of disparate "nations" which did not yet participate in the Christian oikumene), as the Septuagint used ta ethne ("the nations") to translate the Hebrew goyim "the nations, non-Hebrews, non-Jews". ... Baluchistan, Sind, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. A group of people who share a common race, religion, language, or other characteristic. Before Weber (1864-1920), race and ethnicity were primarily seen as two aspects of the same thing. Ethnicity is sometimes used interchangeably with the term nation, particularly in cases of ethnic nationalism, and is separate from, but related to the concept of races. Thus, anthropologist Joan Vincent observed that ethnic boundaries often have a mercurial character. Some groups/countries of Asia are completely urban, such as those in Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Singapore. Ethnic groups often continue to speak related languages and share a similar gene pool. Omi and Winant's critique of ethnicity theory explains how looking towards a cultural defect for the source of inequality ignores the "concrete sociopolitical dynamics within which racial phenomena operate in the U.S."[52] In other words, buying into this approach effectively strips us of our ability to critically examine the more structural components of racism and encourages, instead, a “benign neglect” of social inequality.[52]. Examples of various approaches are primordialism, essentialism, perennialism, constructivism, modernism, and instrumentalism. The abstract ethnicity had been used for "paganism" in the 18th century, but now came to express the meaning of an "ethnic character" (first recorded 1953). Musicology, The Key Concepts. Third, group formation resulted from the drive to monopolize power and status. The sense of "different cultural groups", and in American English "racial, cultural or national minority group" arises in the 1930s to 1940s,[10] serving as a replacement of the term race which had earlier taken this sense but was now becoming deprecated due to its association with ideological racism. T.H. [55] Under these conditions – when people moved from one state to another,[56] or one state conquered or colonized peoples beyond its national boundaries – ethnic groups were formed by people who identified with one nation, but lived in another state. Camoroff, John L. and Jean Camoroff 2009: Ethnicity Inc.. Chicago: Chicago Press. Ethnicity is an important means by which people may identify with a larger group. Capitalism did not create all the distinctions of ethnicity and race that function to set off categories of workers from one another. Such appeals serve to allocate different categories of workers to rungs on the scale of labor markets, relegating stigmatized populations to the lower levels and insulating the higher echelons from competition from below. Sometimes ethnic groups are subject to prejudicial attitudes and actions by the state or its constituents. They would inadvertently find that white Europeans were superior. [29], Another influential theoretician of ethnicity was Fredrik Barth, whose "Ethnic Groups and Boundaries" from 1969 has been described as instrumental in spreading the usage of the term in social studies in the 1980s and 1990s. The consequences of Nazi racism discouraged essentialist interpretations of ethnic groups and race. Merriam, A.P. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Ethnicity - cultural group of people who identify with each other, usually on the basis of similarities such as a common language, ancestry, history, society, culture, etc. A group called the General Strike Committee of Nationalities (GSCN) was established to support the protests and be a central place for the many protesting ethnic minorities. The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Race is a more controversial subject than ethnicity, due to common political use of the term. Ethnic conflict - Ethnic conflict - Types of ethnic groups: Not all ethnic groups are politically active or engage in ethnic conflict. The ancient Indus Valley civilization in India was believed to have been of Dravidian origin in northern India, but then the Dravidian people were pushed south when the Indo-Aryans came in and the Kuru Kingdom in northern Indian arose. Some ethnicities don’t have their nation and state like Gypsies. The third largest ethnic group is African-American, at 24.9 million people. Comparison of the ethnic groups' databases with the established norms of the North America whites (NAW) offered the most suitable way to select a method for successful treatment. An ethnic group is a distinct category of the population in a larger society whose culture is usually different from its own. The group’s ethos or ideology may also stress common ancestry, religion, or race.. Ethnic group, a social group or category of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together by common ties of race, language, nationality, or culture. What are the major things that make you feel as though you belong in a certain group? Many of the smaller groups are found in the Asian part of Russia (see Indigenous peoples of Siberia). Among them Han Chinese account for 91.59% of the overall Chinese population and the other 55 make up the remaining 8.41% according to the Fifth National Population Census of 2000. In the following list of groups, we enlist the names of ethnic groups present in that particular nation. The largest number of Germans are found in the Midwest, West, and Pennsylvania. Ethnicity can be an inherited status or based on the society within which one lives. The group’s ethos or ideology may also stress common ancestry, religion, or race.. The history of late-comers to the nation-state model, such as those arising in the Near East and south-eastern Europe out of the dissolution of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires, as well as those arising out of the former USSR, is marked by inter-ethnic conflicts. An ethnic group or ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups such as a common set of traditions, ancestry, language, history, society, culture, nation, religion, or social treatment within their residing area. Below, we take a closer look at a few of these different Chinese ethnic groups. [11] Depending on the context that is used, the term nationality may either be used synonymously with ethnicity or synonymously with citizenship (in a sovereign state). They regard ethnicity as a product of specific kinds of inter-group interactions, rather than an essential quality inherent to human groups. I. Polinskaya, "Shared sanctuaries and the gods of others: On the meaning Of 'common' in Herodotus 8.144", in R. Rosen & I. Sluiter (eds.). Its chief historic significance has been and remains its relationship to the nation-state, whose primary goal is political unity, which tends to be identified with social unity. Though these categories are usually discussed as belonging to the public, political sphere, they are upheld within the private, family sphere to a great extent. Ethnic Groups. According to the 2010 Census, African Americans make up 12.6 per cent (38.9 million) of the US population with an additional 3.1 million (1 per cent) identifying as African American in combination with one or more other race – combined, this comes to around 13.6 per cent (42 million) of the population, the second largest minority in the country (after Latinos). In theory, the nation-state and ethnic diversity are diametrically opposed, and on many occasions nation-states have attempted to solve the problem of ethnic diversity by the elimination or expulsion of ethnic groups—notable examples being the Nazi policy against the Jews during World War II, the expulsion of the Moors and Jews from 15th-century Spain, or the expulsion of the Arabs and East Indians from several newly independent African countries in the 1960s and ’70s. Wallman, S. "Ethnicity research in Britain", Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world, "Reconsidering primordialism: an alternative approach to the study of ethnicity", "Race and Racial Identity Are Social Constructs", "A new conceptualization of ethnicity for social epidemiologic and health equity research", "Challenges of measuring an ethnic world", "Despite the Terrors of Typologies: The Importance of Understanding Categories of Difference and Identity", "What is Ethnic Identity and Does it Matter? [41], Ethnic groups can form a cultural mosaic in a society. As an example, although some states collect detailed data on the national origins or religions of their residents, others consider these categories improper in official stati… Profile. Barth's view is that ethnic groups are not discontinuous cultural isolates or logical a priority to which people naturally belong.
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